Paper 3, Section II, F

Riemann Surfaces | Part II, 2021

(a) Let f:C→Cf: \mathbb{C} \rightarrow \mathbb{C} be a polynomial of degree d>0d>0, and let m1,…,mkm_{1}, \ldots, m_{k} be the multiplicities of the ramification points of ff. Prove that

∑i=1k(mi−1)=d−1\sum_{i=1}^{k}\left(m_{i}-1\right)=d-1

Show that, for any list of integers m1,…,mk⩾2m_{1}, \ldots, m_{k} \geqslant 2 satisfying (∗)(*), there is a polynomial ff of degree dd such that the mim_{i} are the multiplicities of the ramification points of ff.

(b) Let f:C∞→C∞f: \mathbb{C}_{\infty} \rightarrow \mathbb{C}_{\infty} be an analytic map, and let BB be the set of branch points. Prove that the restriction f:C∞\f−1(B)→C∞\Bf: \mathbb{C}_{\infty} \backslash f^{-1}(B) \rightarrow \mathbb{C}_{\infty} \backslash B is a regular covering map. Given z0∉Bz_{0} \notin B, explain how a closed loop γ\gamma in C∞\B\mathbb{C}_{\infty} \backslash B gives rise to a permutation σγ\sigma_{\gamma} of f−1(z0)f^{-1}\left(z_{0}\right). Show that the group of all such permutations is transitive, and that the permutation σγ\sigma_{\gamma} only depends on γ\gamma up to homotopy.

(c) Prove that there is no meromorphic function f:C∞→C∞f: \mathbb{C}_{\infty} \rightarrow \mathbb{C}_{\infty} of degree 4 with branch points B={0,1,∞}B=\{0,1, \infty\} such that every preimage of 0 and 1 has ramification index 2 , while some preimage of ∞\infty has ramification index equal to 3. [Hint: You may use the fact that every non-trivial product of (2,2)(2,2)-cycles in the symmetric group S4S_{4} is a (2,2)(2,2)-cycle.]

Typos? Please submit corrections to this page on GitHub.