Paper 3, Section II, A

Asymptotic Methods | Part II, 2019

(a) State Watson's lemma for the case when all the functions and variables involved are real, and use it to calculate the asymptotic approximation as x→∞x \rightarrow \infty for the integral II, where

I=∫0∞e−xtsin⁡(t2)dtI=\int_{0}^{\infty} e^{-x t} \sin \left(t^{2}\right) d t

(b) The Bessel function Jν(z)J_{\nu}(z) of the first kind of order ν\nu has integral representation

Jν(z)=1Γ(ν+12)π(z2)ν∫−11eizt(1−t2)ν−1/2dtJ_{\nu}(z)=\frac{1}{\Gamma\left(\nu+\frac{1}{2}\right) \sqrt{\pi}}\left(\frac{z}{2}\right)^{\nu} \int_{-1}^{1} e^{i z t}\left(1-t^{2}\right)^{\nu-1 / 2} d t

where Γ\Gamma is the Gamma function, Re⁡(ν)>1/2\operatorname{Re}(\nu)>1 / 2 and zz is in general a complex variable. The complex version of Watson's lemma is obtained by replacing xx with the complex variable zz, and is valid for ∣z∣→∞|z| \rightarrow \infty and ∣arg⁡(z)∣⩽π/2−δ<π/2|\arg (z)| \leqslant \pi / 2-\delta<\pi / 2, for some δ\delta such that 0<δ<π/20<\delta<\pi / 2. Use this version to derive an asymptotic expansion for Jν(z)J_{\nu}(z) as ∣z∣→∞|z| \rightarrow \infty. For what values of arg⁡(z)\arg (z) is this approximation valid?

[Hint: You may find the substitution t=2τ−1t=2 \tau-1 useful.]

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