Paper 1, Section I, H

Topics in Analysis | Part II, 2019

Let TnT_{n} be the nnth Chebychev polynomial. Suppose that γi>0\gamma_{i}>0 for all ii and that ∑i=1∞γi\sum_{i=1}^{\infty} \gamma_{i} converges. Explain why f=∑i=1∞γiT3if=\sum_{i=1}^{\infty} \gamma_{i} T_{3^{i}} is a well defined continuous function on [−1,1][-1,1].

Show that, if we take Pn=∑i=1nγiT3iP_{n}=\sum_{i=1}^{n} \gamma_{i} T_{3^{i}}, we can find points xkx_{k} with

−1⩽x0<x1<…<x3n+1⩽1-1 \leqslant x_{0}<x_{1}<\ldots<x_{3^{n+1}} \leqslant 1

such that f(xk)−Pn(xk)=(−1)k+1∑i=n+1∞γif\left(x_{k}\right)-P_{n}\left(x_{k}\right)=(-1)^{k+1} \sum_{i=n+1}^{\infty} \gamma_{i} for each k=0,1,…,3n+1k=0,1, \ldots, 3^{n+1}.

Suppose that δn\delta_{n} is a decreasing sequence of positive numbers and that δn→0\delta_{n} \rightarrow 0 as n→∞n \rightarrow \infty. Stating clearly any theorem that you use, show that there exists a continuous function ff with

sup⁡t∈[−1,1]∣f(t)−P(t)∣⩾δn\sup _{t \in[-1,1]}|f(t)-P(t)| \geqslant \delta_{n}

for all polynomials PP of degree at most nn and all n⩾1n \geqslant 1.

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