Paper 2, Section II, C

Asymptotic Methods | Part II, 2016

What is meant by the asymptotic relation

f(z)∼g(z) as z→z0,Arg⁡(z−z0)∈(θ0,θ1)?f(z) \sim g(z) \quad \text { as } \quad z \rightarrow z_{0}, \operatorname{Arg}\left(z-z_{0}\right) \in\left(\theta_{0}, \theta_{1}\right) ?

Show that

sinh⁡(z−1)∼12exp⁡(z−1) as z→0,Arg⁡z∈(−π/2,π/2),\sinh \left(z^{-1}\right) \sim \frac{1}{2} \exp \left(z^{-1}\right) \quad \text { as } \quad z \rightarrow 0, \operatorname{Arg} z \in(-\pi / 2, \pi / 2),

and find the corresponding result in the sector Arg⁡z∈(π/2,3π/2)\operatorname{Arg} z \in(\pi / 2,3 \pi / 2).

What is meant by the asymptotic expansion

f(z)∼∑j=0∞cj(z−z0)j as z→z0,Arg⁡(z−z0)∈(θ0,θ1)?f(z) \sim \sum_{j=0}^{\infty} c_{j}\left(z-z_{0}\right)^{j} \quad \text { as } \quad z \rightarrow z_{0}, \operatorname{Arg}\left(z-z_{0}\right) \in\left(\theta_{0}, \theta_{1}\right) ?

Show that the coefficients {cj}j=0∞\left\{c_{j}\right\}_{j=0}^{\infty} are determined uniquely by ff. Show that if ff is analytic at z0z_{0}, then its Taylor series is an asymptotic expansion for ff as z→z0(z \rightarrow z_{0}\left(\right. for any Arg⁡(z−z0))\left.\operatorname{Arg}\left(z-z_{0}\right)\right).

Show that

u(x,t)=∫−∞∞exp⁡(−ik2t+ikx)f(k)dku(x, t)=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \exp \left(-i k^{2} t+i k x\right) f(k) d k

defines a solution of the equation i∂tu+∂x2u=0i \partial_{t} u+\partial_{x}^{2} u=0 for any smooth and rapidly decreasing function ff. Use the method of stationary phase to calculate the leading-order behaviour of u(λt,t)u(\lambda t, t) as t→+∞t \rightarrow+\infty, for fixed λ\lambda.

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