Paper 2, Section II, 14B

Further Complex Methods | Part II, 2014

Use the Euler product formula

Γ(z)=lim⁡n→∞n!nzz(z+1)…(z+n)\Gamma(z)=\lim _{n \rightarrow \infty} \frac{n ! n^{z}}{z(z+1) \ldots(z+n)}

to show that:

(i) Γ(z+1)=zΓ(z)\Gamma(z+1)=z \Gamma(z);

(ii) 1Γ(z)=zeγz∏k=1∞(1+zk)e−z/k\frac{1}{\Gamma(z)}=z e^{\gamma z} \prod_{k=1}^{\infty}\left(1+\frac{z}{k}\right) e^{-z / k}, where γ=lim⁡n→∞(1+12+⋯+1n−log⁡n)\gamma=\lim _{n \rightarrow \infty}\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\cdots+\frac{1}{n}-\log n\right).

Deduce that

ddzlog⁡(Γ(z))=−γ−1z+z∑k=1∞1k(z+k)\frac{d}{d z} \log (\Gamma(z))=-\gamma-\frac{1}{z}+z \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{k(z+k)}

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