Paper 2, Section I, G

Number Theory | Part II, 2010

Let pp be an odd prime number. If nn is an integer prime to pp, define (np)\left(\frac{n}{p}\right).

(i) Prove that χ(n)=(np)\chi(n)=\left(\frac{n}{p}\right) defines a homomorphism from (Z/pZ)×(\mathbb{Z} / p \mathbb{Z})^{\times}to the group {±1}\{\pm 1\}. What is the value of χ(−1)?\chi(-1) ?

(ii) If p≡1 mod 4p \equiv 1 \bmod 4, prove that ∑n=1p−1χ(n)n=0\sum_{n=1}^{p-1} \chi(n) n=0.

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