Paper 1, Section II, H

Linear Analysis | Part II, 2010

a) State and prove the Banach-Steinhaus Theorem.

[You may use the Baire Category Theorem without proving it.]

b) Let XX be a (complex) normed space and S⊂XS \subset X. Prove that if {f(x):x∈S}\{f(x): x \in S\} is a bounded set in C\mathbb{C} for every linear functional f∈X∗f \in X^{*} then there exists K⩾0K \geqslant 0 such that ∥x∥⩽K\|x\| \leqslant K for all x∈S.x \in S .

[You may use here the following consequence of the Hahn-Banach Theorem without proving it: for a given x∈Xx \in X, there exists f∈X∗f \in X^{*} with ∥f∥=1\|f\|=1 and ∣f(x)∣=∥x∥|f(x)|=\|x\|.]

c) Conclude that if two norms ∥⋅∥1\|\cdot\|_{1} and ∥⋅∥2\|\cdot\|_{2} on a (complex) vector space VV are not equivalent, there exists a linear functional f:V→Cf: V \rightarrow \mathbb{C} which is continuous with respect to one of the two norms, and discontinuous with respect to the other.

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