Paper 3, Section I, G

Number Theory | Part II, 2009

For any integer x⩾2x \geqslant 2, define θ(x)=∑p⩽xlog⁡p\theta(x)=\sum_{p \leqslant x} \log p, where the sum is taken over all primes p⩽xp \leqslant x. Put θ(1)=0\theta(1)=0. By studying the integer

(2nn)\left(\begin{array}{c} 2 n \\ n \end{array}\right)

where n⩾1n \geqslant 1 is an integer, prove that

θ(2n)−θ(n)<2nlog⁡2\theta(2 n)-\theta(n)<2 n \log 2

Deduce that

θ(x)<(4log⁡2)x\theta(x)<(4 \log 2) x

for all x⩾1x \geqslant 1.

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