2.II.34E2 . \mathrm{II} . 34 \mathrm{E} \quad

Statistical Physics | Part II, 2008

Prove that energy fluctuations in a canonical distribution are given by

⟨(E−⟨E⟩)2⟩=kBT2CV\left\langle(E-\langle E\rangle)^{2}\right\rangle=k_{B} T^{2} C_{V}

where TT is the absolute temperature, CV=∂⟨E⟩∂T∣VC_{V}=\left.\frac{\partial\langle E\rangle}{\partial T}\right|_{V} is the heat capacity at constant volume, and kBk_{B} is Boltzmann's constant.

Prove the following relation in a similar manner:

⟨(E−⟨E⟩)3⟩=kB2[T4∂CV∂T∣V+2T3CV]\left\langle(E-\langle E\rangle)^{3}\right\rangle=k_{B}^{2}\left[\left.T^{4} \frac{\partial C_{V}}{\partial T}\right|_{V}+2 T^{3} C_{V}\right]

Show that, for an ideal gas of NN monatomic molecules where ⟨E⟩=32NkBT\langle E\rangle=\frac{3}{2} N k_{B} T, these equations can be reduced to

1⟨E⟩2⟨(E−⟨E⟩)2⟩=23N and 1⟨E⟩3⟨(E−⟨E⟩)3⟩=89N2\frac{1}{\langle E\rangle^{2}}\left\langle(E-\langle E\rangle)^{2}\right\rangle=\frac{2}{3 N} \quad \text { and } \quad \frac{1}{\langle E\rangle^{3}}\left\langle(E-\langle E\rangle)^{3}\right\rangle=\frac{8}{9 N^{2}}

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