B2.12

Probability and Measure | Part II, 2004

Let (Ω,F,μ)(\Omega, \mathcal{F}, \mu) be a measure space and let 1⩽p⩽∞1 \leqslant p \leqslant \infty.

(a) Define the LpL^{p}-norm ∥f∥p\|f\|_{p} of a measurable function f:Ω→Rf: \Omega \rightarrow \mathbb{R}, and define the space Lp(Ω,F,μ).L^{p}(\Omega, \mathcal{F}, \mu) .

(b) Prove Minkowski's inequality:

∥f+g∥p⩽∥f∥p+∥g∥p for f,g∈Lp(Ω,F,μ),1⩽p⩽∞\|f+g\|_{p} \leqslant\|f\|_{p}+\|g\|_{p} \text { for } f, g \in L^{p}(\Omega, \mathcal{F}, \mu), 1 \leqslant p \leqslant \infty

[You may use Hölder's inequality without proof provided it is clearly stated.]

(c) Explain what is meant by saying that Lp(Ω,F,μ)L^{p}(\Omega, \mathcal{F}, \mu) is complete. Show that L∞(Ω,F,μ)L^{\infty}(\Omega, \mathcal{F}, \mu) is complete.

(d) Suppose that {fn:n⩾1}\left\{f_{n}: n \geqslant 1\right\} is a sequence of measurable functions satisfying ∥fn∥p→0\left\|f_{n}\right\|_{p} \rightarrow 0 as n→∞n \rightarrow \infty.

(i) Show that if p=∞p=\infty, then fn→0f_{n} \rightarrow 0 almost everywhere.

(ii) When 1⩽p<∞1 \leqslant p<\infty, give an example of a measure space (Ω,F,μ)(\Omega, \mathcal{F}, \mu) and such a sequence {fn}\left\{f_{n}\right\} such that, for all ω∈Ω,fn(ω)↛0\omega \in \Omega, f_{n}(\omega) \nrightarrow 0 as n→∞n \rightarrow \infty.

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