A1.9

Number Theory | Part II, 2002

(i) Let pp be a prime number. Prove that the multiplicative group of the field with pp elements is cyclic.

(ii) Let pp be an odd prime, and let k⩾1k \geqslant 1 be an integer. Prove that we have x2≡1 mod pkx^{2} \equiv 1 \bmod p^{k} if and only if either x≡1 mod pkx \equiv 1 \bmod p^{k} or x≡−1 mod pkx \equiv-1 \bmod p^{k}. Is this statement true when p=2p=2 ?

Let mm be an odd positive integer, and let rr be the number of distinct prime factors of mm. Prove that there are precisely 2r2^{r} different integers xx satisfying x2≡1 mod mx^{2} \equiv 1 \bmod m and 0<x<m0<x<m.

Typos? Please submit corrections to this page on GitHub.