Paper 4, Section II, E

Analysis II | Part IB, 2009

Let (X,d)(X, d) be a metric space with at least two points. If f:X→Rf: X \rightarrow \mathbb{R} is a function, write

Lip⁡(f)=sup⁡x≠y∣f(x)−f(y)∣d(x,y)+sup⁡z∣f(z)∣\operatorname{Lip}(f)=\sup _{x \neq y} \frac{|f(x)-f(y)|}{d(x, y)}+\sup _{z}|f(z)|

provided that this supremum is finite. Let⁡Lip⁡(X)={f:Lip⁡(f)\operatorname{Let} \operatorname{Lip}(X)=\{f: \operatorname{Lip}(f) is defined }\}. Show that Lip⁡(X)\operatorname{Lip}(X) is a vector space over R\mathbb{R}, and that Lip is a norm on it.

Now let X=RX=\mathbb{R}. Suppose that (fi)i=1∞\left(f_{i}\right)_{i=1}^{\infty} is a sequence of functions with Lip⁡(fi)⩽1\operatorname{Lip}\left(f_{i}\right) \leqslant 1 and with the property that the sequence fi(q)f_{i}(q) converges as i→∞i \rightarrow \infty for every rational number qq. Show that the fif_{i} converge pointwise to a function ff satisfying Lip⁡(f)⩽1\operatorname{Lip}(f) \leqslant 1.

Suppose now that (fi)i=1∞\left(f_{i}\right)_{i=1}^{\infty} are any functions with Lip⁡(fi)⩽1\operatorname{Lip}\left(f_{i}\right) \leqslant 1. Show that there is a subsequence fi1,fi2,…f_{i_{1}}, f_{i_{2}}, \ldots which converges pointwise to a function ff with Lip⁡(f)⩽1\operatorname{Lip}(f) \leqslant 1.

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