3.II.18B

Fluid Dynamics | Part IB, 2008

An ideal liquid contained within a closed circular cylinder of radius aa rotates about the axis of the cylinder (assume this axis to be in the vertical zz-direction).

(i) Prove that the equation of continuity and the boundary conditions are satisfied by the velocity v=Ω×r\mathbf{v}=\boldsymbol{\Omega} \times \mathbf{r}, where Ω=Ωe^z\boldsymbol{\Omega}=\Omega \hat{\mathbf{e}}_{z} is the angular velocity, with e^z\hat{\mathbf{e}}_{z} the unit vector in the zz-direction, which depends only on time, and r\mathbf{r} is the position vector measured from a point on the axis of rotation.

(ii) Calculate the angular momentum M=ρ(r×v)dV\mathbf{M}=\rho \int(\mathbf{r} \times \mathbf{v}) d V per unit length of the cylinder.

(iii) Suppose the the liquid starts from rest and flows under the action of an external force per unit mass f=(αx+βy,γx+δy,0)\mathbf{f}=(\alpha x+\beta y, \gamma x+\delta y, 0). By taking the curl of the Euler equation, prove that

dΩdt=12(γβ)\frac{d \Omega}{d t}=\frac{1}{2}(\gamma-\beta)

(iv) Find the pressure.

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