Write down the definition of a topology on a set $X$.

For each of the following families $\mathcal{T}$ of subsets of $\mathbb{Z}$, determine whether $\mathcal{T}$ is a topology on $\mathbb{Z}$. In the cases where the answer is 'yes', determine also whether $(\mathbb{Z}, \mathcal{T})$ is a Hausdorff space and whether it is compact.

(a) $\mathcal{T}=\{U \subseteq \mathbb{Z}$ : either $U$ is finite or $0 \in U\}$.

(b) $\mathcal{T}=\{U \subseteq \mathbb{Z}$ : either $\mathbb{Z} \backslash U$ is finite or $0 \notin U\}$.

(c) $\mathcal{T}=\{U \subseteq \mathbb{Z}$ : there exists $k>0$ such that, for all $n, n \in U \Leftrightarrow n+k \in U\}$.

(d) $\mathcal{T}=\{U \subseteq \mathbb{Z}$ : for all $n \in U$, there exists $k>0$ such that $\{n+k m: m \in \mathbb{Z}\} \subseteq U\}$.