4.II.13F

Analysis II | Part IB, 2008

Explain what it means for two norms on a real vector space to be Lipschitz equivalent. Show that if two norms are Lipschitz equivalent, then one is complete if and only if the other is.

Let ∥−∥\|-\| be an arbitrary norm on the finite-dimensional space Rn\mathbb{R}^{n}, and let ∥−∥2\|-\|_{2} denote the standard (Euclidean) norm. Show that for every x∈Rn\mathbf{x} \in \mathbb{R}^{n} with ∥x∥2=1\|\mathbf{x}\|_{2}=1, we have

∥x∥⩽∥e1∥+∥e2∥+⋯+∥en∥\|\mathbf{x}\| \leqslant\left\|\mathbf{e}_{1}\right\|+\left\|\mathbf{e}_{2}\right\|+\cdots+\left\|\mathbf{e}_{n}\right\|

where (e1,e2,…,en)\left(\mathbf{e}_{1}, \mathbf{e}_{2}, \ldots, \mathbf{e}_{n}\right) is the standard basis for Rn\mathbb{R}^{n}, and deduce that the function ∥−∥\|-\| is continuous with respect to ∥−∥2\|-\|_{2}. Hence show that there exists a constant m>0m>0 such that ∥x∥⩾m\|\mathbf{x}\| \geqslant m for all x\mathbf{x} with ∥x∥2=1\|\mathbf{x}\|_{2}=1, and deduce that ∥−∥\|-\| and ∥−∥2\|-\|_{2} are Lipschitz equivalent.

[You may assume the Bolzano-Weierstrass Theorem.]

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