(a) Define the dual space $X^{*}$ of a (real) normed space $(X,\|\cdot\|)$. Define what it means for two normed spaces to be isometrically isomorphic. Prove that $\left(l_{1}\right)^{*}$ is isometrically isomorphic to $l_{\infty}$.

(b) Let $p \in(1, \infty)$. [In this question, you may use without proof the fact that $\left(l_{p}\right)^{*}$ is isometrically isomorphic to $l_{q}$ where $\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}=1$.]

(i) Show that if $\left\{\phi_{m}\right\}_{m=1}^{\infty}$ is a countable dense subset of $\left(l_{p}\right)^{*}$, then the function

$$d(x, y):=\sum_{m=1}^{\infty} 2^{-m} \frac{\left|\phi_{m}(x-y)\right|}{1+\left|\phi_{m}(x-y)\right|}$$

defines a metric on the closed unit ball $B \subset l_{p}$. Show further that for a sequence $\left\{x^{(n)}\right\}_{n=1}^{\infty}$ of elements $x^{(n)} \in B$, we have

$$\phi\left(x^{(n)}\right) \rightarrow \phi(x) \quad \forall \phi \in\left(l_{p}\right)^{*} \quad \Leftrightarrow \quad d\left(x^{(n)}, x\right) \rightarrow 0$$

Deduce that $(B, d)$ is a compact metric space.

(ii) Give an example to show that for a sequence $\left\{x^{(n)}\right\}_{n=1}^{\infty}$ of elements $x^{(n)} \in B$ and $x \in B$,

$$\phi\left(x^{(n)}\right) \rightarrow \phi(x) \quad \forall \phi \in\left(l_{p}\right)^{*} \quad \Rightarrow \quad\left\|x^{(n)}-x\right\|_{l_{p}} \rightarrow 0$$