Paper 2, Section II, E

Geometry | Part IB, 2021

Define H\mathbb{H}, the upper half plane model for the hyperbolic plane, and show that PSL⁡2(R)\operatorname{PSL}_{2}(\mathbb{R}) acts on H\mathbb{H} by isometries, and that these isometries preserve the orientation of H\mathbb{H}.

Show that every orientation preserving isometry of H\mathbb{H} is in PSL2(R)P S L_{2}(\mathbb{R}), and hence the full group of isometries of H\mathbb{H} is G=PSL2(R)∪PSL2(R)τG=P S L_{2}(\mathbb{R}) \cup P S L_{2}(\mathbb{R}) \tau, where τz=−zˉ\tau z=-\bar{z}.

Let ℓ\ell be a hyperbolic line. Define the reflection σℓ\sigma_{\ell} in ℓ\ell. Now let ℓ,ℓ′\ell, \ell^{\prime} be two hyperbolic lines which meet at a point A∈HA \in \mathbb{H} at an angle θ\theta. What are the possibilities for the group GG generated by σℓ\sigma_{\ell} and σℓ′\sigma_{\ell^{\prime}} ? Carefully justify your answer.

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