Paper 1, Section I, F

Geometry | Part IB, 2021

Let f:R3→Rf: \mathbb{R}^{3} \rightarrow \mathbb{R} be a smooth function and let Σ=f−1(0)\Sigma=f^{-1}(0) (assumed not empty). Show that if the differential Dfp≠0D f_{p} \neq 0 for all p∈Σp \in \Sigma, then Σ\Sigma is a smooth surface in R3\mathbb{R}^{3}.

Is {(x,y,z)∈R3:x2+y2=cosh⁡(z2)}\left\{(x, y, z) \in \mathbb{R}^{3}: x^{2}+y^{2}=\cosh \left(z^{2}\right)\right\} a smooth surface? Is every surface Σ⊂R3\Sigma \subset \mathbb{R}^{3} of the form f−1(0)f^{-1}(0) for some smooth f:R3→Rf: \mathbb{R}^{3} \rightarrow \mathbb{R} ? Justify your answers.

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