Paper 1, Section I,

Quantum Mechanics | Part IB, 2020

Define what it means for an operator QQ to be hermitian and briefly explain the significance of this definition in quantum mechanics.

Define the uncertainty (ΔQ)ψ(\Delta Q)_{\psi} of QQ in a state ψ\psi. If PP is also a hermitian operator, show by considering the state (Q+iλP)ψ(Q+i \lambda P) \psi, where λ\lambda is a real number, that

Q2ψP2ψ14i[Q,P]ψ2\left\langle Q^{2}\right\rangle_{\psi}\left\langle P^{2}\right\rangle_{\psi} \geqslant \frac{1}{4}\left|\langle i[Q, P]\rangle_{\psi}\right|^{2}

Hence deduce that

(ΔQ)ψ(ΔP)ψ12i[Q,P]ψ(\Delta Q)_{\psi}(\Delta P)_{\psi} \geqslant \frac{1}{2}\left|\langle i[Q, P]\rangle_{\psi}\right|

Give a physical interpretation of this result.

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