State and prove the Mean Value Theorem.
Let f:R→R be a function such that, for every x∈R,f′′(x) exists and is non-negative.
(i) Show that if x⩽y then f′(x)⩽f′(y).
(ii) Let λ∈(0,1) and a<b. Show that there exist x and y such that
f(λa+(1−λ)b)=f(a)+(1−λ)(b−a)f′(x)=f(b)−λ(b−a)f′(y)
and that
f(λa+(1−λ)b)⩽λf(a)+(1−λ)f(b).